What Is Biometrics
Biometrics refers to the fingerprints, photographs, and signature samples that USCIS collects from immigration applicants for criminal background checks and identity verification. This collection is mandatory for most visa categories, green card applicants, and citizenship seekers. The biometrics appointment is separate from your interview and typically occurs at a designated USCIS Application Support Center (ASC) across the United States.
When Biometrics Is Required
You'll receive a biometrics notice (Form I-693 or a separate appointment letter) if you're applying through:
- Employment-based visa petitions (EB-1, EB-2, EB-3)
- Adjustment of Status (applying for a green card while in the US)
- Family-based green card applications
- Diversity visa lottery winners
- Humanitarian visa categories (U visas, T visas)
- Naturalization (citizenship applications)
The USCIS biometrics process feeds directly into FBI and Department of Homeland Security databases. Results typically come back within 3 to 10 business days and are valid for 15 months from the collection date.
The Biometrics Appointment
USCIS will mail you an appointment notice with a specific date, time, and ASC location. You must bring your appointment notice and valid passport or state ID. The entire process takes 15 to 30 minutes. During the appointment, you'll be fingerprinted using digital scanning, photographed against a white background, and asked to provide your signature.
Missing your biometrics appointment without rescheduling can result in your case being denied or delayed indefinitely. If you cannot attend, contact the ASC listed in your notice at least one week before your scheduled date to request a new appointment. If you're overseas applying through consular processing, USCIS may require biometrics at the US embassy or consulate.
Biometrics and Background Checks
Your fingerprints are checked against three primary databases: the FBI's Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), DHS immigration enforcement records, and state criminal databases. Any criminal convictions, fraud findings, or immigration violations will appear in your results. Even minor misdemeanors can impact visa eligibility or green card approval, depending on the offense category and when it occurred. Drug-related convictions, crimes of moral turpitude, and certain traffic violations are particularly scrutinized.
Common Questions
- Can I reschedule my biometrics appointment? Yes, you can reschedule by contacting the ASC directly or through your USCIS online account (if your case number was created before 2020). Provide at least 7 days' notice when possible.
- What happens if biometrics results are delayed? USCIS may issue a Request for Evidence (RFE) asking you to submit proof of your biometrics appointment. If results don't arrive within 15 months, you may need to repeat the appointment at no additional cost.
- Do biometrics results expire? Yes. Results are valid for 15 months from collection. If your case isn't adjudicated within this window, you'll be required to have biometrics taken again before your case can proceed.